To become an effective tool for climate change mitigation, soil carbon sequestration (SCS) will have to be deployed globally over the course of several decades in this century. The implementation of SCS practices is likely to occur under diverse landscapes, soils, climate, and land management. Thus, accurate but comparable methodologies will have to be developed to monitor soil carbon changes at different spatiotemporal scales. This presentation will examine different methodologies available for measuring and predicting soil carbon changes at the field scale. These methodologies are based primarily based on direct measurements and simulation modeling of soil carbon change. Several aspects of methodologies for detecting soil carbon changes under field conditions will be discussed such as spatial design, sampling size, sampling depth, ancillary measurements, laboratory procedures, and calculations. The discussion on simulation modeling will center on the accuracy and requirements of models for the prediction of soil carbon changes at field and regional levels. The integration of direct measurements with simulation modeling and other methodologies will also be discussed.