The risk of long-term climate change raises questions about the vulnerability of countries and regions to differences in temperature and precipitation. Timing of rainfall could be a critical issue for the types of crops grown and agricultural management, to take just one example. Changes in water availability at different times of the year could impact agriculture, access to clean water, and so on. Assessing the integrated vulnerabilities of countries and regions to climate change is a challenging task for researchers, and policy/natural resource planners and managers. A prototype tool has been developed to help meet this challenge. Vulnerability Indicators enable sophisticated yet transparent analyses that integrate environmental and social perspectives. Two types of indicators measure, respectively, sensitivity to climate change (in settlements, food security, human health, ecosystems, and water) and adaptive capacity (in economics, human resources, and environment). Various proxies for water quality and availability will be discussed in the context of an integrated vulnerability assessment.